【www.kwkids.com--雅思】
《三字经》是中华民族珍贵的文化遗产，它短小精悍、琅琅上口，千百年来，家喻户晓。其内容涵盖了历史、天文、地理、道德以及一些民间传说，以下是小编整理的A类雅思阅读判断题原文及解析范文(精选6篇)，欢迎阅读与收藏。
【篇一】A类雅思阅读判断题原文及解析
雅思阅读判断题考点总结
一、对于是非无判断标准的界定和出题点
先让我们来看一下是非无判断题中对于TRUE的定义
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
望文生义，这里对于TRUE的定义是题干的言论符合或者与文中所提及的信息一致。因为雅思阅读文章和题干间存在着普遍的同义词替换和同义转述，那么这里所谓的“一致”到底指的是什么呢?一般而言，我们可以从题干的主体和延展性描述两个方面去判断。
第一，题干的主体是指句子中的核心主语或者主题，实战考试中往往是通过同义词替换或者同义转述来迷惑考生，增加辨别难度的。如果再仔细辨识后发现连这个部分都不一样，那就应了中国的那句俗语：驴唇不对马嘴，自然不能判断成为TRUE。
e.g.:
题目：Many lecturers get satisfaction from their work.
文章：The majority of lecturers find their jobs very rewarding.
文中的rewarding来自reward, 表示“有意义的工作”，即get satisfaction; 而原文的the majority of(绝大部分)完全能够包含题目的many(很多)。如果可以发现题目和文章的同义替换的部分，相信不难判断出该题为正确。
第二，题干的延展性描述也是判断的重点，有的时候我们猜中了开头却没有猜中结尾，虽然主体一致，但是对于主体行为的延展性描述却是差之千里，这种时候也不能判断为TRUE。但是有一种情况大家要特别留心，那就是对于文章信息合理的推断和归纳，这种情况也是可以给到TRUE的判断。
e.g.:
题目：A response delay of 1-2 minutes may have substantial influence on whetheror not a suspected criminal is caught;
文章：It has been proved that a rapid response leads to a great likelihood ofarrest only if it is 1-2 minutes after a call is received by a police. When theresponse time increases to 3-4 minutes， the likelihood of arrest is substantially reduced.
文中虽然没有直接说出“1-2分钟的反应时间的延长影响抓捕率”，但是我们可以根据文中信息进行合理推断，得出题目中的结论。所以对于该题的判定也是正确的。
综上所述，只有题干同时满足这两个条件，才能认定是和文章描述“一致”，最终判定为TRUE。
接着，我们来从理论上重点区分一下FALSE和NOT GIVEN
FALSE if the statement contradicts theinformation
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
Vanessa Jakeman和Clare McDowell这两位雅思界的泰斗对FALSE和NOT GIVEN的区别做出了如下说明：
“If you write “FALSE” as your answer, you are saying that the informationexpressed in the question is the opposite of that presented in text. This isquite different from a “NOT GIVEN” answer, which says that you can find nothingin the text about the information.”
细心的同学不难发现，上文中的“opposite”一词点出了“FALSE”和“NOT GIVEN”的根本差别。也就是说选FALSE还是选NOT GIVEN, 关键是看题目的表述和原文的表述是否对立，若判断为对立，那就应该选FALSE。
针对于FALSE的出题点，可以细分为以下几种：
①题干与文章内容直接对立
这种出题形式比较简单直白，通常是反义词、反义的转述和否定结构，请结合例子来理解。
e.g.:
题目：A species is said to be extinct when only one individual exists.
文章：A species becomes extinct when the last individual dies.
可以看出题目与原文是反义结构。原文说一个物种死光光，才叫灭绝，而题目说还有一个个体存活，就叫灭绝，题目与原文直接相反，所以答案应为FALSE。
②题干中出现过于绝对的词(比如：only/all/never/must等等)
一般而言，学术性文章不会把话说得特别“死”，总要给后面的研究留有退路和余地，所以大分都是采取比较保守、客观的说法。因而含有过于绝对的词的描述往往是错误的，但是也不排除偶尔有些文章的表述中包含绝对描述，实战时请验证原文的描述之后判断。
e.g.:
题目：The biological functions of forests were recognized only in the twentiethcentury.
文章：The other aspects(这里指biological functions)have been recognized for a few centuries.
文章中说森林的生物功能已经被认可了好几个世纪了，而题目过于绝对地认为仅仅是在20世纪森林的生物功能才被人们所认识到，因而判断为FALSE。
③题目将原文中视作猜想和推测的部分上升为客观事实或已被证明的理论，请看以下的例子。
e.g.:
题目：It is a fact that the melting of ice caps in both south and north polesare worsened by worldwide increase in temperature.
文章：Another theory is that worldwide temperature increases are melting polarice caps.
题干中讲到“It is a fact”, 强调是一个客观事实，而文中仅说到一个理论“Another theory”,而我们知道，“理论”并不等于“事实”，所以此题判定为FALSE。
④原文中的表述有限制条件，但题干中去掉了条件成份，人为地扩大了陈述适用的范围。
e.g.:
题目：The media has often criticized the Internet because it is dangerous.
文章：The Internet has often been criticized by the media as a hazardous tool inthe hands of young computer users.
文中讲到“in the hands of young computer users”, 而题目中却把这个条件去掉了，当范围被扩大后，原文的理论并不一定可以适用，所以此题应选FALSE。
最后我们来看一下NOT GIVEN的判定
细分了FALSE之后我们再看NOT GIVEN就显得简单得多了，通常情况下判定为NOT GIVEN的题目是指题干与文章的表述并不对立，只是题干的信息在原文中找不到相对等的表述，或者刻意地缩小了信息适用的范围，以下各举一个例子来说明。
1. 题目中的某些内容在原文中没有提及，或在原文中找不到依据。
e.g.:
题目：The Mayans lost many of their major settlements because of hurricanes.
文章：The Mayans also showed their respect for hurricanes by building theirmajor settlements away from the hurricane-prone coast line.
稍微粗心一点的考生还是有判断错误的可能性，因为题目和文章中有了大量关键词的重合，貌似讲的是同一个话题的事情。而事实上题目中的重点“玛雅人由于飓风失去了很多住宅”，在文中并没有任何涉及，所以此题为NOT GIVEN。
2. 信息范围缩小：(也就是说文中讲到的范围大而题目的范围小)
e.g.:
题目：Tourists in Cyprus come mainly from the UK.
文章：Tourists in Cyprus come mainly from Europe.
这道题是典型地缩小了信息范围，文中的“Europe”在题目中变成了“UK”, 信息范围大大缩小，所以为NOT GIVEN。很多考生可能对于这个判断原则无法理解，所以我们可以换个角度想：既然原文中说旅客来自欧洲，那么旅客就可能来自于欧洲的任何地方，比如，可能来自英国，也可能来自法国或者其他国家。所以我们就无法判断题目的信息到底是对的还是错的，因此，此题的答案应为NOT GIVEN。
这里再稍稍区分一下YES /NO/NOT GIVEN, 其实我个人觉得是换汤不换药，都是一回事儿。但是，本着格物致知的态度，如果说硬是要区分它们和TRUE /FALSE /NOT GIVEN的话，只能再移步看一下前者的理论定义。
YES if the statement agrees with the claims ofthe writer
NO ifthe statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writerthink about this
由定义可知，两者的区别在于前者是“是否与作者的陈述相一致”，而后者是“是否与文章事实相一致”，判定方法是相同的。
二、实战中对于“镜像”策略的使用
在实战考试中，是非无判断题这种题型仍然是隶属于细节题的范畴之内，所以常规的关键词定位，缩小信息搜索范围的方法依旧可以适用。因为该方法在其他题型的教学中已经广泛运用，这里就不再一一赘述了。
当考生已经能够准确定位信息所在的段落甚至某个句子之后，判定成为了唯一的难点。纵使已经清楚地了解了上述所有理论，在实战中还是或多或少会觉得不够高效。所以，这里我针对理论基础中提到的对立，提出寻找题干“镜像”的判断策略，并且实践证明所谓的“镜像”理论在判定FALSE的时候尤其有效。简而言之，题干就是文章的双生兄弟，那么FALSE的题干就相当于文章在照镜子，但是镜像是左右相反的。那么对于判定FALSE就有了比较简单粗暴而又有效的方法，即思考一下题干的逆命题，再带着这个逆命题去文章中找“一致”。如果找到了，那么说明该题干可以判定为FALSE, 否则在排除了TRUE的情况下，可以判定为NOT GIVEN。
最后辅以一个例子进行实战演习：
e.g.:
题目：Problems in Nordic countries were excluded because they are outside theEuropean Economic Community.
文章：Those confined to particular geographic areas, such as countries borderingthe Mediterranean or the Nordic countries therefore had to be discarded. However,this does not mean that in future they will be ignored.
解析：关键词定位完全无压力，利用Nordic就可以办到。接着我们来看，题干是说Nordic countries的(森林)问题会被排除在外不做讨论是因为这些国家在欧洲经济社区之外，那么所谓的镜像应该就是这些国家的(森林)问题被排除在外，不是因为什么“欧洲经济社区”的划分中不包含这些Nordic countries。由文章可知，真正的理由是因为“geographic areas”地理区域的划分，刚好符合题干的镜像在文章中有所体现，因此该题判定为FALSE。
雅思阅读是非无判断题四大难点
雅思阅读与中国四六级等传统考试在题型上的一大不同点就是出现了一种是非无判断题型。由于考生之前从未接触过这类题型，在考试时往往会大量丢分，从而影响总成绩。分析认为，是非无判断题之所以比较难，不光是因为这类题型属于细节题，在原文中比较难定位，还因为这类题目中一般存在考点词，初次接触雅思阅读的考生不容易把握题目中的考点词。本文中，笔者将选择学生在练习过程中经常出错的几道判断题，从四个方面来解释导致是非无判断题做错的潜在原因。1. 题目费解对于词汇量不是太大的学生，比如基础阶段或突破阶段上升到精品阶段的学生，题目中有时出现的词汇会导致他们理解困难，由于对题目的意思没有一个总体的把握，从而导致失分。比如剑桥4 test 4 passage 2 The Nature and Aims of Archeology，第18题 “Archaeology is a more demanding field of study than anthropology.”在这道题中，定位词为 archaeology, anthropology, 考点词为more demanding than。很多学生对于理解demanding一词时会有费解，这个单词在这道题中应该表示要求更多的，更费精力的，更耗时的。文章第四段最后一句" anthropology is thus a broad discipline - so broad that it is generally broken down into three smaller discipline; physical anthropology, cultural anthropology and archaeology. 在这句话中确实出现了题目中的两个定位词，假如考生将demanding误解成广或者大之类的含义，则会选择答案为true。但是由于题目中的demanding是费力、耗时的意思，在此句话中并未提及两门课的具体工作的难度比较，所以正确答案应该为not given。2. 题目中的定位词不易判断第二种情况当题目比较长，比较复杂时，考生可能会找错定位词从而误判考题。比如剑桥4 test one passage one 第5题 The study involved asking children a number of yes/ no questions such as Are there any rainforests in Africa? 通常考生会选择题目中的特殊标点符号或特殊字体去定位，因此往往确定了yes/no questions 或者Are there any rainforests in Africa? 作为解题的定位词。事实上，当我们再仔细阅读题目，可以发现此题的重点是在讲这个研究包含了什么问题，假如原文中讲到这个研究包含的是另外一种问题，仅仅根据包含后面的内容去找，有可能会误断为not given。这道题最好的定位词应该找句子的主语the study, 在原文的第四段首句，我们就可以发现出现了the study这个词眼the study surveys...secondary school students were asked to complete a questionnaire containing five open-form questions.因此此题的正确答案应该为false。对于定位词的把握不是太确定的考生，建议可以在题目中找两至三个定位词。3. 定位词不易定位第三种情况是当考生分析好题目，确定了定位词和考点词，但是回原文寻找时，却找不到原文所对应的内容。这一类情况又分为两种情形。A. 定位词在原文中发生了较大的转变剑桥5 test 2 passage 3 The Birth of Scientific English 第37题 In 17th century Britain, leading thinkers combined their interest in science with an interest in how to express ideas.这道题的定位词应该为leading thinkers, interest in science以及how to express ideas, 考察的重点在combine...with...上面。在原文中并未明确涉及这三点，这就需要我们把how to express ideas理解成language, 在原文的第四段最后一句some of these scholars, including two with the interest in language - helped found the Royal Society in 1660 in order to promote empirical scientific research. 句中出现的1660年，对应题目中的17th century; interest in language对应题目中的interest in how to express ideas; promote empirical scientific research对应题目中的interest in science, 所以此题的确切答案应该为true。B. 理解定位词所在的内容还需要联系前文有些判断题，在原文中定位到定位词还不够，还需要联系前文的背景才能做出题目。比如剑桥8 test 1 passage two Air Traffic Control in the USA 第24题class F airspace is airspace which is below 365m and not near airports. 仔细阅读题干，可以判断该题中的class F airspace, below 365m, not near airports, 应该为题目的定位词，题干的考点词为and结构。原文G段第二行文字中出现了题干中Class F airspace这个大写的英文单词Uncontrolled airspace is designated Class F...这时需要回顾一下段落E中对uncontrolled airspace的介绍In general, from 365m above the ground and higher, the entire country is blanketed by controlled airspace ..., controlled airspace extends ...in the immediate vicinity of an airport...所以答案应该判断为true。4. 题目对应的原文句子难理解
最后一种情况是，题目所对应的原文太长、太复杂，导致考生在理解上有困难，从而判断错答案。这一类情况在剑桥雅思中存在比较典型的两道题。比如剑桥4 test one passage one 第4题"The fact that children"s ideas about science form part of a larger framework of ideas means that it is easier to change them. 题干中children"s ideas about science and framework可以做定位词，考点词为easier to change them。考生根据framework回原文定位到文章第二大段第三行...but organized, conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas, ...more robust but also accessible to modification. 原文中使用到了make sth adj这个结构表明framework and component ideas有两个特点more robust and accessible to modification, 这里的more这个比较级修饰了两个形容词：robust and accessible to modification, accessible to含有easy的概念，所以相当于表明了easier to change这个概念，很多考生在阅读时往往会忽略了这个隐含的比较级，会误选为not given, 实际答案应该为true。剑桥 6 test 2 passage 3 Numeration 第39题 the Tsimshian language contains both older and newer systems of counting. 在这道题中older and newer systems of counting可以作为定位词，而考察的重点应该在both...and...上面。考生根据这两个定位词可以定位到原文倒数第二段"it seems that the last is a later development while the first six groups show the relics of an older system. 有些考生会认为it seems表达的是对后面的内容的怀疑和猜测，而题目把它绝对化了，所以就判断该题为not given。但事实上根据原文前后内容，作者在这里用it seems只是表示对前面内容的委婉总结，并不是考生所理解的表示怀疑的态度，所以正确答案应该为true。
雅思阅读判断题有哪些解题方法和技巧?判断题好难啊
判断类题型是雅思的特色题型之一，也是中国考生普遍感到头疼的题型。因为中国考生早已适应了传统判断题 “非对即错”的惯性逻辑，而对于 NOT GIVEN
这类特殊的情况感到茫然。学费全免网通过分析这类题型的出题特点和解题技巧，帮助考生战胜难题。我们先了还是来了解一下判断题的出题特点。
一、两大类型
判断题有两大类题型：一种是 TRUE / FALSE/ NOT GIVEN ，另一种是 YES/ NO/ NOT GIVEN
。两者的出题方法和指令有所不同。前者的提问方式是Do the following statements agree with the information
given in Reading Passage X? 而后者的提问方式是 Do the following statements agree with the
views of the writer in Reading Passage X?
虽然一类考查的是考生对于文章信息的理解，一类是考查对作者观点的把握，但是这两种题型从解题方法上来说是几乎完全一致的。除了在答题的时候需要特别注意题型之外，考生在复习备考的时候，基本不用注意这两种题型的差别。
二、顺序原则
从剑桥真题以及考生的实际考试体验，几乎所有的判断题都是严格遵守“顺序原则”的，也就是说题目的顺序与文章的顺序是一致的。
三、只考细节
判断题属于细节题，因此几乎不需要考生对上下文的理解并进行推断，同时考生亦不能根据自己的背景知识直接判断。简单地说来，考生解题的关键不是对文章大意的把握，而是找到与题目相关的原文，根据原文的信息进行解题。
四、同义转换
和所有的雅思阅读细节题一样，判断题的题目都是基于原文，与原文形成同义转换 (paraphrasing)
的关系。同义转换包括同义句型转换和同义词转换两种类别。
下面我们一起来看一下判断题的解题步骤和技巧。
一、浏览文章
阅读文章的标题、副标题、小标题、图片，了解文章的大致内容和结构。对于文章主题的把握有助于判断题的解题。
二、阅读题目，划出定位词
前面提到，所有的判断题都是与原文的同义转换。但是有些词是无法被同义转换掉的，我们可以根据这个特点，到原文中把该题所对应的段落找出来。这类词我们称之为“定位词”。
常见的定位词有：专有名词，大写字母缩写，斜体字，带引号的词，相对比较少见的名词。但是有两个例外：一是文章标题中出现的词不能做定位词，而是其它题目中多次出现的词不能做定位词。因为这两种词在原文中多次出现，就失去了定位的价值。
读题的时候要特别注意：不要等把全部题目读完了再开始做题，因为人的记忆有限，不可能短期内记下大量的内容;但也不要读一道题目划一道题目，因为如果遇到
NOT GIVEN 或者遇到比较难定位的情况，就会非常耗时。
正确的读题方法是读 2-3
道题目一起读，这样既不至于遗忘，又能方便考生。考生可以从一道相对比较容易定位的题目着手，再根据顺序原则找到相邻的题目。
三、划出考点词 -- 抓住“题眼”
很多同学找到定位词之后，就把题目和原文分别翻译一下，然后再进行判断。但是这种做法比较笨拙，因为考生非常有可能因为细枝末节的题目而错判断题目。其实每道题目都只有一个地方可能有错，因此，这个地方我们称之为“题眼”，或者叫做“考点词”。
考点词基本上都位于句子的重心位置，多为谓语部分。常见考点词的类型有：反义考点词(有反义词的词，多为形容词和副词)，数字数量考点词，绝对考点词，比较考点词等。
四、考点词的类型及判断技巧
上一篇提到了考点词有反义考点词、数字数量考点词、绝对考点和比较考点词。现在我们具体来看一下这些考点词的具体的含义。
1.反义考点词
如果一个重心部位的词有反义词(此类词多为形容词和副词，也可能为动词)，那么很有可能这个词就是考点词，需要去判断。比如：
例e79fa5e98193e4b893e5b19e313333613139311
Q: Environmentalists take a pessimistic view of the world for a number of
reasons.
原文： For many environmentalists, the world seems to be getting worse. (剑 5
Test 1, Q 27 )
在这个例子中，形容词 pessimistic 因为有反义词 optimistic ，故这个词就是本题的考点词。与原文相对照，发现
pessimistic 对应的词是 seems to be getting worse ，与原文一致，因此答案选 YES.
例2
Q: Current thinking on humour has largely ignored Aristotle’s view on the
subject.
原文： But most modern humour theorists have settled on some version of
Aristotle’s belief that… (剑 5 Test 2, Q17 )
在本题中，考点词是位于重心部位的谓语动词 ignore ，因为其有反义词 didn’t ignore 。正好与原文中的 settle on
相对应，故此题选 FALSE 。
2.数字数量考点词
数字数量往往是作者想要强调的重点，因此也常常成为考点。但是有一点要提醒考生注意的是，数字考点不是单独存在的，往往是要和其修饰的名词合在一起构成考点词的。我们来看以下例题：
例3
Q: The 1990 survey related to 550,000consultations with alternative
therapies.
原文： The 550,000consultations with alternative therapies… (剑 4 Test 2, Q18
)
本题答案 YES ，非常容易判断，因为考点词是 550,000
，正好在原文中也出现了。但是要提醒考生的是，这道题目并不是仅仅根据两个数字对应就做出来的，数字修饰的概念 ”consultations with
alternative therapies” 同时也是考点词，只不过这里恰好一致罢了。
例4
Q: The 1993 Sydney survey involved 289patients who visited alternative
therapists for acupuncture treatments.
原文： Dr Laver and his colleagues published a survey of 289 Sydney people who
attended eight alternative therapies’ practices in Sydney. These practices
offered a wide range of alternative therapies from 25 therapists. (剑 4 Test 2,
Q18 )
这道题目很容易选成 YES ，因为 289
在原文中和题目中都出现了。但是需要提醒考生的是，不能光看数字考点，还要看一下数字修饰的概念是否一致。在本题中，题目中 289
人的概念是“参加针灸疗法的病人”，而原文中的是“各种各样的疗法”，因为可以肯定 289 人不是都参加针灸疗法的，因为即便其中包括针灸， 289
个病人一定还有参加其它疗法的。故本题选 NO 。
3.绝对考点词
绝对考点词指的是 all, must, every 等语气绝对的限定词。这类考点往往因为与原文中所述事实矛盾而选 FALSE/NO
的答案。但是也有很多例外，考生不应不看原文就直接选出答案。
例5
Q: The ISTP study examined public and private systems in every city of the
world.
原文： The study compared the proportion of wealth poured into transport by
thirty-seven cities around the world.
很显然，这道题目的考点词 every 出错了，因为原文中只讲有 37 个城市。
例6
All cultures have been able to express large numbers clearly.
原文： The lack of ability of some cultures to deal with large numbers is not
really surprising. (剑 5 Test 2 Q35 )
题目中所是所有的文化都能表达大的数字，但是原文中却说一些文化缺乏处理大的数字。故答案选 FALSE 。
也有很多例外：
例7
Only two Japanese pagodas have collapsed in 1400 years.
原文： Records show that only two have collapsed during the past 1400 years.
(剑 7 Test 2, Q1 )
这题虽然题目是绝对考点词，但是因为原文中也用了一样的绝对考点词，故答案选 YES 。
4.比较考点词
比较考点词指的是在 A is … than B 或者 A is as … as B
中用于比较的形容词或者副词。这类题型在雅思阅读中比较常见。通常有以下几种情况：
a. A 和 B 有一方在原文中没有出现，答案选 NOT GIVEN 。
b. A 和 B 都在原文中出现，但并未出现比较，答案选 NOT GIVEN 。
c. A 和 B 都在原文中出现，且出现比较，但比较的内容不一致，答案选 NOT GIVEN 。
d.如果 A 和 B 都在原文中出现，而且比较内容相同，则根据方向来判断答案选 YES 或者 NO 。
我们来看以下例题：
例8
Q: Early peoples found it easier to count by using fingers rather than a
group of pebbles. (剑 6 Test 2 Q40 )
原文： … because it is possible to count by matching the items being counted
against a group of pebbles, grains of corn, or the counter’s fingers.
在本例中，题目把 finger 和 pebble 进行了比较，但是原文中者两个词是并列关系，根本没有进行比较，因此答案选 NOT GIVEN。
例9
Q: Girls are more likely than boys to hold mistaken views about the
rainforest’s destruction.
原文 1 ： More girls (70%) than boys (60%) raised the idea of rainforest as
animal habitats.
原文 2 ： More girls (13%) than boys (5%) said that rainforests provided human
habitats.
在这道题目中，比较考点词是 more likely to hold mistaken views
，原文中虽然也出现了比较，但是比较的内容与题目完全不同，因此答案选 NOT GIVEN 。
此外，如果一道题目没有出现明显的考点词，或者题目的重心位置中出现 some, may, likely, not al l
等语气保守的词的时候，这道题目选 FALSE/ NO 的概率就很小，选 TURE/YES 的概率相对较大。
例10
Q: Not all of the assistants survived to see the publication of the
Dictionary.
原文： He was also helped by six assistants, two of whom died whilst the
Dictionary was still in preparation 。(剑 5 Test 13 )
题目中没有明显的考点词，但是 not all 这个词语气非常保守，正好对应的原文中的 two of whom died ，因此答案选 YES
。
例11
Q: Some peoples with simple number systems use body language to prevent
misunderstanding of expression of number.
原文： But in real situations the number and words are often accompanied by
gestures to help resolve any confusion.
本题同样没有明显的考点词，但是 some 这个词语气保守，与原文中的 often 正好对应，故选 TRUE 。
判断题可以说是雅思阅读中中国学生最头疼的题型，因为中国人一贯的做题逻辑与雅思考官的命题思路往往大相径庭。但是经过大量的分析我们发现，一旦通过大量的实践熟悉了雅思判断题的题型，明白了判断题的类别和做题方法，考生做题的正确率将会有一个很大的提高。
Yes or No?雅思阅读判断题解法大揭秘
我们来根据这个语境，顺便练习一下雅思阅读的判断题。
判断依据：题目和原文表达一致，答案是真实的(TRUE)
题目与原文表达相反，答案为错误的 (FALSE)
题目与原文表达无关，答案为没有给(NOT GIVEN )
题目(语境)：Lu Han’s girlfriend is Guan XiaoTong.
我们根据定位词(大写的人名：Lu Han & Guan Xiaotong)从茫茫的信息(相当于雅思阅读文章)中定位出了这么几句话。
原文1: Lu Han has a relationship with Guan Xiaotong.
原文2: Lu Han is not in love with Guan Xiaotong.
原文3: Lu Han has a dinner with Guan Xiaotong.
思考答案。
………………………………………等待中………………………………………………………………………………
答案：根据原文1得出，题目答案为真实的(TRUE)
根据原文2得出，题目答案为错误的 (FALSE)
根据原文3得出，题目答案为没有给(NOT GIVEN )
解题思路：
1. 先分析题目(题目由两部分组成：定位词+替换词)
(定位词：Lu Han & Guan Xiaotong 替换词：girlfriend)
2. 根据定位词去原文找出句子
3. 根据替换词进行答案判断：
判断思路：
原文1：girlfriend和relationship语义替换一致，答案为TRUE。
原文2: girlfriend和not in love语义相反，答案为FALSE。
原文3：girlfriend和have dinner无相关意思，甚至属于推断出的信息
(在现实中属于“捕风捉影” )，答案为 NOT GIVEN。
………………………………………分割线………………………………………………………………………………
来来来，老师给你讲讲套路
举一反三，我们来看一下雅思真题(剑桥雅思六 Test 2 Passage 1)”Advantages of Public Transport“
题目：
1. Efficient cities can improve the quality of life for their inhabitants.
2. An inner-city tram network is dangerous for car drivers.
3. In Melbourne, people prefer to live in the outer suburbs.
原文片段：
The study found that the Western Australian city of Perth is a good example of a city with minimal public transport. As a result, 17% of its wealth went into transport costs. Some European and Asian cities, on the other hand, spent as little as 5%. Professor Peter Newman, ISTP Director, pointed out that these more efficient cities were able to put the difference into attracting industry and jobs or creating a better place to live.
According to Professor Newman, the larger Australian city of Melbourne is a rather unusual city in this sort of comparison. He describes it as two cities: "A European city surrounded by a car- dependent one’. Melbourne’s large tram network has made car use in the inner city much lower, but the outer suburbs have the same car-based structure as most other Australian cities. The explosion in demand for accommodation in the inner suburbs of Melbourne suggests a recent change in many people’s preferences as to where they live.
思考答案。
………………………注意时间(尝试4.5分钟之内得出答案)……………………………………
解题思路： 定位词(定位原文句子)→ 替换词(判断答案)
题目1 定位词(Efficient cities)
题目2 定位词(An inner-city tram network)
题目3 定位词(Melbourne, people)
定位到的句子：
原文1: Professor Peter Newman, ISTP Director, pointed out that these more efficient cities were able to put the difference into attracting industry and jobs or creating a better place to live.
原文2: Melbourne’s large tram network has made car use in the inner city much lower, but the outer suburbs have the same car-based structure as most other Australian cities.
原文3: The explosion in demand for accommodation in the inner suburbs of Melbourne suggests a recent change in many people’s preferences as to where they live.
替换词判断：
题目1: improve the quality of life for their inhabitants，和原文”creating a better place to live“语义替换一致。
题目2: dangerous for car drivers，和原文”car use in the inner city much lower“无相关意思。
题目3: outer suburbs，和原文”inner suburbs\"语义相反。
答案：题目1答案为TRUE
题目2答案为NOT GIVEN
题目3答案为FAULSE
【篇二】A类雅思阅读判断题原文及解析
关于A类雅思阅读判断题原文及解析
Reading Passage 1
题干：The children have to pay back slightly more money than they borrowed.
原文：All S.K.I programs have charged interest on the loans...generally the rates have been modest
分析：题干中表达the children have to pay back... more money than they borrowed对应文章中All S.K.I programs have charged interest on the loans，全部计划都要收利息，所以儿童必须还钱，并且有了利息的存在，所以儿童要还比他借的钱多的一部分的"钱;并且，slightly对应了modest, generally the rates have been modest，利率不多，并且比银行的要低，所以只高出了一点点。
Academic Test 4
Reading Passage 1
题干：Modern official athletic records date from about 1900.
原文：Since the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records......
分析：about 1900对应the early years of the twentieth century，Modern official athletic records date from对应when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records
题干：The growing international importance of athletics means that gifted athletes can be recognised at a younger age.
原文：Over the past century,...but with increasing global participation in athletic-----and greater rewards to tempt athletes-----it is more likely that individuals possessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance can be identified early.
【篇三】A类雅思阅读判断题原文及解析
雅思阅判断题考点解析
就理论层面而言，当题干信息中出现比较考点时，针对比较双方、比较内容以及比较关系这三个要素，如果有任何一方在原文当中缺失，这道题目就是NOT GIVEN;而如果这三方均在原文中有对应点，则根据比较结果的方向来判断答案是TRUE或FALSE。
举例而言(请根据以下不同原文，分别判断题目答案)：
题目：小明比小刚矮。
原文1: 小明是身高160cm。
原文2: 小明和小刚是同学。
原文3: 小明比小刚体重轻。
原文4: 小明比小刚高。
如果根据前三句原文，这道例题的判断结果都是NOT GIVEN;而对应第四句原文，结果便是FALSE。
这道题目很简单。就题目而言，在句子中出现了明显的比较关系，且其中比较双方分别是小明和小刚，比较内容是身高。前三句原文在不同程度上缺失了比较考点三要素中的部分内容。原文1缺失比较关系以及比较的另一方，原文2缺失比较关系及比较内容，原文3缺失相同的比较内容。只有第四句原文同时具备所有要素，因此根据原文与题目的结果方向不一致，判定答案为FALSE。
我们来看一道真题(剑6 Test 2 Q40)：
题目:Early peoples found it easier to count by using fingers rather than a group of pebbles.
原文：It is possible to count by matching the items being counted against a group of pebbles, grains of corn, or the counter’s fingers.
这道题目的答案是NOT GIVEN。你答对了嘛?
原因和判断依据很简单，在题目当中出现了比较关系，比较双方分别是using fingers和a group of pebbles，比较内容是计数的容易程度。而原文当中虽然提到了比较双方以及计数这件事情，但是并没有出现双方之间的比较关系以及容易程度这一比较内容，因此属于要素缺失，答案为NOT GIVEN。
在掌握了比较考点的基本形式和评判依据后，老师在最后给大家留个小悬念：
在很多同学的眼中，当题干出现比较考点时，如果答案为TRUE，就一定意味着原文出现比较级或最高级。但事实如此吗?
Of course not!
实际上，在阅读题目当中，比较关系有显性和隐性之分，直接出现比较级的形式只是显性比较关系的体现。除此之外，还有一些隐性比较关系的情况会出现在题目当中。今天，我们来罗列以下三种情况：动词、数值以及变化。
1. 动词
一般情况下，表示上升下降类型的动词也可以表达比较关系。
例：
题目：There are more people than before.
原文：The population is increasing.
这道题目的答案很显然是True。虽然原文并没有直接出现比较级，但是increase这个趋势性的动词体现出了人口一直增长的含义，意味着靠后时间的人口数量一定大于靠前时间的人口数量，比较关系成立。同样的道理，如果原文表示的是The population is decreasing，而题目信息表示There are fewer people than before，这个对应关系仍然成立。
2. 数值
除了动词的对应之外，出现不同数字的罗列也可以表达比较关系。
例：
题目：A is older than B.
原文：A is 2 years old and B is 3 years old.
这个例子也非常简单，答案是False。在题干信息中出现了关于年龄大小的比较级，而原文只是出现了两个不同的年龄数字。但是这个简单数字大小的对比结果对于大家而言都是显而易见的。
3.变化
在了解了动词和数字所对应的比较情况后，我们再来看一看变化类的词所体现的比较考点。
例：
题目：The population has changed.
原文：There are more people than before.
这道题目区别于之前的例题，在题干信息中只体现了变化的概念，但是变化性对应到原文当中可能会出现比较级或是其他比较关系的对应。比如，在上述例题中，原文中表示现在的人比过去的人多，题目表示人数发生了变化，这类信息对应关系成立，答案为True。
雅思阅读考试技巧：快速找答案
1.长句短读
长句短读：即指将一个长句子(有时不止一个句子，还包括从句)读成一个相对短的句子，以对长句子内容作一总结式归纳，找出其所陈述的要点。
这种能力的培养对IELTS阅读测试帮助极大，考生应在平时勤加练习。
2.利用例句确定答案在文章中的位置
如能在一组题内先查看例句及最后一个问题，并确定例句的关键词语与最后一个问题的关键词语在文章中的位置，即可确定其它各题的答案一定是处在它们之间的段落内，从而缩小了搜索答案的范围。
这种方法特别适用于填空题(GAPFILL)，而且也适用于其它题型。
3.优先查看数字
在文章中，数字是极容易找到的，如果在问句中出现数字时，可优先将数字作为标示牌在文章中找出答案的位置。需注意有时问句中的数字在文章中可能会用文字形式表达。
4.查找同义词、近义词、相关词
在IELTS阅读考试中，能否准确找出正确答案很大程度上取决于能否辩认出同义词、近义词、相关词及不同形式的短语。太傻教育助力雅思高分
1).词形完全相同
2).词义相同，即同义词
3).词义相近，但并非同义
4).词义相关
上述四种词汇/短语表达方式中，第一种当然容易辩认，第二种同义词也相对不难，但第三种与第四种形式则不易辩认，所以要在阅读过程中多加比较练习。如能攻破这一关，则一定能够取得好的考试成绩。
5.猜读词义
IELTS测试时不许用词典，而且也没有必要去读懂每一个词。如所遇到的词对理解全文及答题不构成任何困难，则不必理会它的词义，但所碰到的词使你在理解全文，甚至回答问题时出现困难，则要设法去猜测其词义。
猜测词义要从两方面着手：
1).根据其所在句子的上下文，及前后的词语，探其究竟。
2).如果根据上下文及前后词语还是无法确切了解其真正含义，你可以再看一下这个词对整个句子所构成的影响是肯定的(POSITIVE)，还是否定的 (NEGATIVE)，实际上这对你理解作者的意图已足够了
6.掌握句子顺序上的变化
问句中所含信息与文章中相应句子中的信息在顺序上有时可能出现不同，甚至前后完全倒置。这种情况可能会导致迷失答题的方向。
还应注意到文章中有关问句的信息并非全都能在每个句子中找到，甚至在关键词及短语之间存在一些不相关的信息，这些都会是寻找答案过程中的困难。
7.查看附带的图表、示意图
在IELTS阅读测试时，经常在一篇文章中带有图表或示意图。这些图表一定包含了一些有关回答问题的信息，也就是说有的答案就在这些图表中。
因此，在阅读文章时一定要对这些图表做一扫描，了解其内容从而加快答题速度，不然的话，就可能陷在文章中四处找寻答案而乱无头绪。
8.三点相符原则检查答案
匹配题除了配标题外，还有匹配句子开头或结尾形式，或图表标题与图表部分相匹配的题型。
总而言之，所给出的答案必须与所匹配部分的内容相一致。
三点相符原则在确定答案正确性方面帮助极大。如果在匹配过程中找出三个逻辑上相同点既可确信答案正确无疑;两点相同，准确率也应在80%以上;一点相同，就须根据语法知识及相关信息加以判断。
9.图表形式出现的问句
如果问句是以图表形式出现，那么图表栏目中，应标有一些文字题目，这些词/短语可用作关键词语。所以在答题时应细读图表中的词/短语，从而清楚地知道是何种问题，怎样回答。
雅思复习备考，考生一定要找到适合自己的学习方法，这样才能高效率的掌握雅思，最终在考试中取得好成绩。太傻教育助您突破雅思考试瓶颈，短期备考拿高分。
雅思阅读：美国独立宣言
The Declaration of Independence
IN CONGRESS, JULY 4,
1776 THE UNANIMOUS
DECLARATION OF THE
THIRTEEN UNITED
STATES OF AMERAICA
When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws Nature and Nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
在人类事务发展的过程中，当一个民族必须解除同另一个民族的联系，并按照自然法则和上帝的旨意，以独立平等的身份立于世界列国之林时，出于对人类舆论的尊重，必须把驱使他们独立的原因予以宣布。
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that they are among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among them, deriving their just power from the consent of the governed. That whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than t right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their future security. Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity, which constrains them to alter their former systems of government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is usurpations, all having in direct object tyranny over these States. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world.
我们认为下述真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，造物主赋予他们若干不可让与的权利，其中包括生存权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。为了保障这些权利，人们才在他们中间建立政府，而政府的正当权利，则是经被统治者同意授予的。任何形式的政府一旦对这些目标的实现起破坏作用时，人民便有权予以更换或废除，以建立一个新的政府。新政府所依据的原则和组织其权利的方式，务使人民认为唯有这样才最有可能使他们获得安全和幸福。若真要审慎的来说，成立多年的政府是不应当由于无关紧要的和一时的原因而予以更换的。过去的一切经验都说明，任何苦难，只要尚能忍受，人类还是情愿忍受，也不想为申冤而废除他们久已习惯了的政府形式。然而，当始终追求同一目标的一系列滥用职权和强取豪夺的行为表明政府企图把人民至于专制暴政之下时，人民就有权也有义务去推翻这样的政府，并为其未来的安全提供新的保障。这就是这些殖民地过去忍受苦难的经过，也是他们现在不得不改变政府制度的原因。当今大不列颠王国的历史，就是屡屡伤害和掠夺这些殖民地的历史，其直接目标就是要在各州之上建立一个独裁暴政。为了证明上述句句属实，现将事实公诸于世，让公正的世人作出评判。
He has refused his assent to laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.
他拒绝批准对公众利益最有益、最必需的法律。
He has forbidden his Governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend them.
他禁止他的殖民总督批准刻不容缓、极端重要的法律，要不就先行搁置这些法律直至征得他的同意，而这些法律被搁置以后，他又完全置之不理。
He has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.
他拒绝批准便利大地区人民的其他的法律，除非这些地区的人民情愿放弃自己在自己在立法机构中的代表权;而代表权对人民是无比珍贵的，只有暴君才畏惧它。
He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.
他把各州的立法委员召集到一个异乎寻常、极不舒适而有远离他们的档案库的地方去开会，其目的无非是使他们疲惫不堪，被迫就范。
He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasion on the rights of the people.
他一再解散各州的众议院，因为后者坚决反对他侵犯人民的权利。
He has refused for a long time, after such dissolution, to cause others to be elected ;whereby the legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have returned to the people at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the meantime exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without and convulsion within.
他在解散众议院之后，又长期拒绝另选他人，于是这项不可剥夺的立法权便归由普通人民来行使，致使在这其间各州仍处于外敌入侵和内部骚乱的种.种危险之中。
He has endeavored to prevent the population of these states; for that purpose obstructing the laws of naturalizing of foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migration hither, and raising the condition of new appropriations of lands.
他力图阻止各州增加人口，为此目的，他阻挠外国人入籍法的通过，拒绝批准其他鼓励移民的法律，并提高分配新土地的条件。
He has obstructed the administration of justice, by refusing his assent of laws for establishing judiciary powers.
他拒绝批准建立司法权利的法律，以阻挠司法的执行。
He has made judges dependent on his will alone, for the tenure of their office, and the amount and payment of their salary.
他迫使法官为了保住任期、薪金的数额和支付而置于他个人意志的支配之下。
He has erected a multitude of new officers, and sent hither swarms of officers to harass our people, and eat out our substances.
他滥设新官署，委派大批官员到这里骚扰我们的人民，吞噬他们的财物。
He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies without the consent of our legislatures.
他在和平时期，未经我们立法机构同意，就在我们中间维持其常备军。
He has affected to render the military independent of and superior to the civil power.
他施加影响，使军队独立于文官政权之外，并凌驾于文官政权之上。
He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation.For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us;
他同他人勾结，把我们置于一种既不符合我们的法规也未经我们法律承认的管辖之下，而且还批准他们炮制的各种伪法案，以便任其在我们中间驻扎大批武装部队;
For protecting them, by a mock trial, from punishment for any murder which they should commit on the inhabitants of these States.
不论这些人对我们各州居民犯下何等严重的谋杀罪，他可用加审判来庇护他们，让他们逍遥法外;
雅思
【篇四】A类雅思阅读判断题原文及解析
雅思阅读判断题如何备考?
判断题题型特点
雅思阅读判断题每一套题中都会出现，而且频率不低于两次，所以烤鸭们要好好备考。判断题常见的形式一般为“TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN”, 还有一种形式为“YES/NO/NOT GIVEN ”，不过不常见。考试的时候大家注意一下，不要讲TRUE写成了YES，造成失分。
一般来说，判断题如果有三道题目，那么一般这三种情况会各占一种;如果有四道题目，那么一般TRUE重复的可能性最大;如果有六七道题目，那么一般每种情况会出现两次。这些规律大家只可参考，考试的时候还是按照原文和选项的描述来进行有效判断。
做题技巧
一、TRUE的判断技巧：
1. 题目还是原文的同义表达
原文：In the United States and Canada, murder rates doubled 10 to 15 years after
the introduction of television, after the first TV generation grew up.
题目：There were more murders in Canada after people began watching TV.
分析：double 是more 的具体体现，after people began watching TV 与after introduction of television为同义替换
2. 题目是原文的归纳总结
原文：A common glacier flows about 10 inches per day in the summer and 5 inches per day in the winter.
题目：Glaciers normally move at a rate of about 5 to 10 inches a day.
分析：题目是对原文的一些归纳总结
二、FALSE的判断技巧：
1. 直接相反
原文：A species becomes extinct when the last individual dies.
题目：A species is said to be extinct when the last individual exists.
分析：前面的家最都一样，只有dies和exists完全相反。
2. 原文是多个并列(both, and, or, also)，而题目中是必须或者只有(must, only)
原文：Virtually all of 3500 research studies on the subject in the past 40 years have shown the same relationship.
题目：Only one study has found a connection between TV and violent behavior.
分析：一般绝对性表达都是错的，此处出现3500 research studies 与the only 矛盾。
3. 原文是某种理论或者是感觉，比如theory， feel等，而题目是事实或已经被证明，常有fact 或者prove等词。
原文：The professor feels/guesses that H7N9 can transmit from people to people.
题目：The professor proves that H7N9 can transmit among the people.
分析：显然，feels/guesses与proves是程度不同的词汇。
三、NOT GIVEN的判断技巧
1. 题目内容在原文完全或者部分未提到
原文：In the United States and Canada, murder rates doubled 10 to 15 years after the introduction of television, after the first TV generation grew up.
题目：The United States has more violence on TV than other countries.
分析：文中出现美国犯罪率高的定位仅此一处，只是自身翻倍，并没有与其他国家的对比。
2. 主题动作发生的时间段不一样，导致主题信息无法判断。
原文：Center wall tested this pattern in South Africa, where television broadcasts were banned until 1975.
题目：TV was introduced in South Africa in the 1940s.
分析：对于南非的电视情况只有禁播，没有提到引入的相关信息
3. 两个事物在题目中是比较关系，而原文只提到其中任何一部分。
题目：Public colleges cost less than private colleges.
原文：…a full-time student at a public four-year college pays an average of $8,655 for in-state tuition, room and board. A full-time student in a public two-year college pays an average of $1,359 per year in tuition.
分析：题目中比较的是公立学校和私立学校学费，但是文中比较的是2两年制和4年制公立学校费用的比较。
判断题中最让考生抓狂的就是做题的时候总是分不清FALSE和NOT GIVEN，从而做错题。所以小站推荐这篇雅思阅读判断题False和Not Given如何区别，希望可以提高大家的做题效果。
雅思考试阅读模拟练习及答案
Food agency takes on industry over junk labels
Felicity Lawrence
The Guardian
1.Consumers are to be presented with two rival new year advertising campaigns as the Food Standards Agency goes public in its battle with the industry over the labelling of unhealthy foods.
2.The Guardian has learned that the FSA will launch a series of 10-second television adverts in January telling shoppers how to follow a red，amber and green traffic light labelling system on the front of food packs，which is designed to tackle Britain"s obesity epidemic.
3.The campaign is a direct response to a concerted attempt by leading food manufacturers and retailers，including Kellogg"s and Tesco，to derail the system.The industry fears that traffic lights would demonise entire categories of foods and could seriously damage the market for those that are fatty，salty or high in sugar.
4.The UK market for breakfast cereals is worth ?1.27bn a year and the manufacturers fear it will be severely dented if red light labels are put on packaging drawing attention to the fact that the majority are high in salt and/or sugar.
5.The industry is planning a major marketing campaign for a competing labelling system which avoids colour-coding in favour of information about the percentage of ”guideline daily amounts“ (GDAs) of fat，salt and sugar contained in their products.
6.The battle for the nation"s diet comes as new rules on television advertising come into force in January which will bar adverts for unhealthy foods from commercial breaks during programmes aimed at children.Sources at the TV regulators are braced for a legal challenge from the industry and have described the lobbying efforts to block any new ad ban or colour-coded labelling as ”the most ferocious we"ve ever experienced“.
7.Ofcom"s chief executive，Ed Richards，said: ”We are prepared to face up to any legal action from the industry，but we very much hope it will not be necessary.“ The FSA said it was expecting an onslaught from the industry in January.Senior FSA officials said the manufacturers" efforts to undermine its proposals on labelling could threaten the agency"s credibility.
8.Terrence Collis，FSA director of communications，dismissed claims that the proposals were not based on science.”We have some of the most respected scientists in Europe，both within the FSA and in our independent advisory committees.It is unjustified and nonsensical to attack the FSA"s scientific reputation and to try to undermine its credibility.“
9.The FSA is understood to have briefed its ad agency，United，before Christmas，and will aim to air ads that are ”non-confrontational，humorous and factual“ as a counterweight to industry"s efforts about the same time.The agency，however，will have a tiny fraction of the budget available to the industry.
10.Gavin Neath，chairman of Unilever UK and president of the Food and Drink Federation，has said that the industry has made enormous progress but could not accept red ”stop“ signs on its food.
11.Alastair Sykes，chief executive of Nestlé UK，said that under the FSA proposals all his company"s confectionery and most of its cereals would score a red.”Are we saying people shouldn"t eat confectionery? We"re driven by consumers and what they want，and much of what we do has been to make our products healthier,“ he said.
12.Chris Wermann，director of communications at Kellogg"s，said: ”In principle we could never accept traffic light labelling.“
13.The rival labelling scheme introduced by Kellogg"s，Danone，Unilever，Nestlé，Kraft and Tesco and now favoured by 21 manufacturers，uses an industry-devised system based on identifying GDAs of key nutrients.Tesco says it has tested both traffic lights and GDA labels in its stores and that the latter increased sales of healthier foods.
14.But the FSA said it could not live with this GDA system alone because it was ”not scientific“ or easy for shoppers to understand at a glance.
Questions 1-6
Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
1.When will instructions be given on reading the color-coded labels?
2.Where can customers find the red light labels?
3.What problem is the FSA trying to handle with the labeling system?
4.Which product sells well but may not be healthy?
5.What information，according to the manufacturers，can be labeled on products?
6.What can not be advertised during children"s programmes?
Questions 7-13
Use the information in the text to match the people (listed A-E) with the opinions (listed 7-13) below. Write the appropriate letter (A-E) for questions 1-7.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
A Ed Richard
B Terrence Collis
C Gavin Neath
D Alastair Sykes
E Chris Wermann
7.Generally we will not agree to use the red light labels.
8.It is unreasonable to doubt if FSA is trustworthy.
9.We are trying to meet our consumers’ needs.
10.The food industry has been improving greatly.
11.The color-coded labeling system is scientific.
12.Our products will be labeled unhealthy by the FSA.
13.We are ready to confront the manufacturers.
Answer keys:
1.答案：(in) January (见第2段：The Guardian has learned that the FSA will launch a series of 10-second television adverts in January telling shoppers how to follow a red, amber and green traffic light labelling system on the front of food packs, which is designed to tackle Britain"s obesity epidemic.)
2.答案：food packs/packaging (见第2段：The Guardian has learned that the FSA will launch a series of 10-second television adverts in January telling shoppers how to follow a red, amber and green traffic light labelling system on the front of food packs, which is designed to tackle Britain"s obesity epidemic. 或者在第4段中也提到另一个答案：The UK market for breakfast cereals is worth ?1.27bn a year and the manufacturers fear it will be severely dented if red light labels are put on packaging drawing attention to the fact that the majority are high in salt and/or sugar.)
3.答案：(Britain’s) obesity epidemic (见第2段：The Guardian has learned that the FSA will launch a series of 10-second television adverts in January telling shoppers how to follow a red, amber and green traffic light labelling system on the front of food packs, which is designed to tackle Britain"s obesity epidemic.)www.ExamW.CoM
4.答案：(breakfast) cereals (见第4段：The UK market for breakfast cereals is worth ?1.27bn a year and the manufacturers fear it will be severely dented if red light labels are put on packaging drawing attention to the fact that the majority are high in salt and/or sugar.)
5.答案：guieline daily amounts/GDAs (见第5段：The industry is planning a major marketing campaign for a competing labelling system which avoids colour-coding in favour of information about the percentage of ”guideline daily amounts“ (GDAs) of fat, salt and sugar contained in their products.)
6.答案：unhealthy foods (见第6段第1句：The battle for the nation"s diet comes as new rules on television advertising come into force in January which will bar adverts for unhealthy foods from commercial breaks during programmes aimed at children.)
7.答案：E (见第12段：Chris Wermann, director of communications at Kellogg"s, said: ”In principle we could never accept traffic light labelling.“ )
8.答案：B (见第8段最后一句：It is unjustified and nonsensical to attack the FSA"s scientific reputation and to try to undermine its credibility.)
9.答案：D (见第11段最后1句：We"re driven by consumers and what they want, and much of what we do has been to make our products healthier.)
10.答案：C (见第10段:Gavin Neath, chairman of Unilever UK and president of the Food and Drink Federation, has said that the industry has made enormous progress but could not accept red ”stop“ signs on its food.)
11.答案：B (见第8段：Terrence Collis, FSA director of communications, dismissed claims that the proposals were not based on science. ”We have some of the most respected scientists in Europe, both within the FSA and in our independent advisory committees. It is unjustified and nonsensical to attack the FSA"s scientific reputation and to try to undermine its credibility.“)
12.答案：D (见第11段第1句：Alastair Sykes, chief executive of Nestlé UK, said that under the FSA proposals all his company"s confectionery and most of its cereals would score a red.)
13.答案：A (见第7段第1句：Ofcom"s chief executive, Ed Richards, said: ”We are prepared to face up to any legal action from the industry, but we very much hope it will not be necessary.“)
【篇五】A类雅思阅读判断题原文及解析
阅读冲刺丨雅思阅读判断题解析
Q2： In cosmic history,radiation dominated universe before matter did so.
问题： 为什么是选 YES，好象在文章里找不到。
解答： 原文第 4 和第 5 自然段描述了过程先后的时间顺序。
Q4： In cosmologists" debates, the big bang and inflation theories defeated their alternatives such as the steady state theory.
问题： 原文 Cosmologists have settled the disputes that once animated their field, such as the old debates between the big bang theory and the steady state theory and between inflation and its alternatives. Noting in science is absolutely certain, but researchers now feel that their time is best spent on deeper questions, beginning with the cause of the cosmic acceleration. 我看到关于 the big bang and inflation theories and the steady state theory 的只有这一段，可是没有表明他们 Q4 啊，为什么 Q4 选 TURE,而不是 NOT GIVEN 呢?
解答： 文章说科学家已经解决了这些争论(have settled the disputes)——要么是同意了老观点，要么是同意了新观点。该段最后又说科学家已经把注意力放到了寻找 the cause of cosmic acceleration(新观点)上了。那么理解起来不就是新的观点被科学家们认同了吗?同时请注意文中的两个并列结构：the old debates between the big bang theory and the steady state theory and between inflation and its alternatives，下划线为新观点。该题考段内上下文联合理解。
Q5： Cosmologists’ initial responses to the revolutionary discoveries were always conservative.
问题： 文章用词是 fairly 题目中是 always.为什么不是NO而是NG呢?如果文章中用词是often，但是题目中 sometimes 是F(见 Morse Code Q6)，两个有什么区别吗?
解答： fairly 是“相当地”的意思，表达程度;always 是“经常”的意思，表频率;所以是 NG。而often 和 sometimes 都是表频率，可以比较，而且不同。
Q6： The law of gravity works in entirely distinct manners on small and gigantic scale.
问题： 可以在文章倒数第二段最后一句找到定位，可是文章中提到的 gigantic 和题目是一样的，至于题目中的 small 文章是没有的.而不知道的文章中的 humble 是不是和 small同一个意思，如果是，应该选T，如果不是应该是N，怎么会是NG呢?
解答： humble 和 small 是同一个意思，但题目中是 entirely，文中是 maybe，题目中可能性缩小，故选 NG。
雅思阅读全真练习系列：Why did a promising heart drug fail
Why did a promising heart drug fail?
Doomed drug highlights complications of meddling with cholesterol.
1. The failure of a high-profile cholesterol drug has thrown a spotlight on the complicated machinery that regulates cholesterol levels. But many researchers remain confident that drugs to boost levels of "good" cholesterol are still one of the most promising means to combat spiralling heart disease.
2. Drug company Pfizer announced on 2 December that it was cancelling all clinical trials of torcetrapib, a drug designed to raise heart-protective high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). In a trial of 15000 patients, a safety board found that more people died or suffered cardiovascular problems after taking the drug plus a cholesterol-lowering statin than those in a control group who took the statin alone.
3. The news came as a kick in the teeth to many cardiologists because earlier tests in animals and people suggested it would lower rates of cardiovascular disease. “There have been no red flags to my knowledge,” says John Chapman, a specialist in lipoproteins and atherosclerosis at the National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) in Paris who has also studied torcetrapib. “This cancellation came as a complete shock.”
4. Torcetrapib is one of the most advanced of a new breed of drugs designed to raise levels of HDLs, which ferry cholesterol out of artery-clogging plaques to the liver for removal from the body. Specifically, torcetrapib blocks a protein called cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP), which normally transfers the cholesterol from high-density lipoproteins to low density, plaque-promoting ones. Statins, in contrast, mainly work by lowering the "bad" low-density lipoproteins.
Under pressure
5. Researchers are now trying to work out why and how the drug backfired, something that will not become clear until the clinical details are released by Pfizer. One hint lies in evidence from earlier trials that it slightly raises blood pressure in some patients. It was thought that this mild problem would be offset by the heart benefits of the drug. But it is possible that it actually proved fatal in some patients who already suffered high blood pressure. If blood pressure is the explanation, it would actually be good news for drug developers because it suggests that the problems are specific to this compound. Other prototype drugs that are being developed to block CETP work in a slightly different way and might not suffer the same downfall.
6. But it is also possible that the whole idea of blocking CETP is flawed, says Moti Kashyap, who directs atherosclerosis research at the VA Medical Center in Long Beach, California. When HDLs excrete cholesterol in the liver, they actually rely on LDLs for part of this process. So inhibiting CETP, which prevents the transfer of cholesterol from HDL to LDL, might actually cause an abnormal and irreversible accumulation of cholesterol in the body. “You"re blocking a physiologic mechanism to eliminate cholesterol and effectively constipating the pathway,” says Kashyap.
Going up
7. Most researchers remain confident that elevating high density lipoproteins levels by one means or another is one of the best routes for helping heart disease patients. But HDLs are complex and not entirely understood. One approved drug, called niacin, is known to both raise HDL and reduce cardiovascular risk but also causes an unpleasant sensation of heat and tingling. Researchers are exploring whether they can bypass this side effect and whether niacin can lower disease risk more than statins alone. Scientists are also working on several other means to bump up high-density lipoproteins by, for example, introducing synthetic HDLs. “The only thing we know is dead in the water is torcetrapib, not the whole idea of raising HDL,” says Michael Miller, director of preventive cardiology at the University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore.
(613 words nature)
Questions 1-7 This passage has 7 paragraphs 1-7.
Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number i-ix in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
i. How does torcetrapib work?
ii. Contradictory result prior to the current trial
iii. One failure may possibly bring about future success
iv. The failure doesn’t lead to total loss of confidence
v. It is the right route to follow
vi. Why it’s stopped
vii. They may combine and theoretically produce ideal result
viii. What’s wrong with the drug
ix. It might be wrong at the first place
Example answer
Paragraph 1 iv
1. Paragraph 2
2. Paragraph 3
3. Paragraph 4
4. Paragraph 5
5. Paragraph 6
6. Paragraph 7
Questions 7-13 Match torcetrapib，HDLs，statin and CETP with their functions (Questions 8-13)..
Write the correct letter A, B, C or D in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
7.It has been administered to over 10,000 subjects in a clinical trial.
8.It could help rid human body of cholesterol.
9.Researchers are yet to find more about it.
10. It was used to reduce the level of cholesterol.
11. According to Kashyap, it might lead to unwanted result if it’s blocked.
12. It produced contradictory results in different trials.
13. It could inhibit LDLs.
List of choices
A. Torcetrapic
B. HDLS
C. Statin
D. CETP
雅思阅读全真练习系列：The Triumph of Unreason
The Triumph of Unreason?
A. Neoclassical economics is built on the assumption that humans are rational beings who have a clear idea of their best interests and strive to extract maximum benefit (or “utility”, in economist-speak) from any situation. Neoclassical economics assumes that the process of decision-making is rational. But that contradicts growing evidence that decision-making draws on the emotions—even when reason is clearly involved.
B. The role of emotions in decisions makes perfect sense. For situations met frequently in the past, such as obtaining food and mates, and confronting or fleeing from threats, the neural mechanisms required to weigh up the pros and cons will have been honed by evolution to produce an optimal outcome. Since emotion is the mechanism by which animals are prodded towards such outcomes, evolutionary and economic theory predict the same practical consequences for utility in these cases. But does this still apply when the ancestral machinery has to respond to the stimuli of urban modernity?
C. One of the people who thinks that it does not is George Loewenstein, an economist at Carnegie Mellon University, in Pittsburgh. In particular, he suspects that modern shopping has subverted the decision-making machinery in a way that encourages people to run up debt. To prove the point he has teamed up with two psychologists, Brian Knutson of Stanford University and Drazen Prelec of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, to look at what happens in the brain when it is deciding what to buy.
D. In a study, the three researchers asked 26 volunteers to decide whether to buy a series of products such as a box of chocolates or a DVD of the television show that were flashed on a computer screen one after another. In each round of the task, the researchers first presented the product and then its price, with each step lasting four seconds. In the final stage, which also lasted four seconds, they asked the volunteers to make up their minds. While the volunteers were taking part in the experiment, the researchers scanned their brains using a technique called functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). This measures blood flow and oxygen consumption in the brain, as an indication of its activity.
E. The researchers found that different parts of the brain were involved at different stages of the test. The nucleus accumbens was the most active part when a product was being displayed. Moreover, the level of its activity correlated with the reported desirability of the product in question.
F. When the price appeared, however, fMRI reported more activity in other parts of the brain. Excessively high prices increased activity in the insular cortex, a brain region linked to expectations of pain, monetary loss and the viewing of upsetting pictures. The researchers also found greater activity in this region of the brain when the subject decided not to purchase an item.
G. Price information activated the medial prefrontal cortex, too. This part of the brain is involved in rational calculation. In the experiment its activity seemed to correlate with a volunteer"s reaction to both product and price, rather than to price alone. Thus, the sense of a good bargain evoked higher activity levels in the medial prefrontal cortex, and this often preceded a decision to buy.
H. People"s shopping behaviour therefore seems to have piggy-backed on old neural circuits evolved for anticipation of reward and the avoidance of hazards. What Dr Loewenstein found interesting was the separation of the assessment of the product (which seems to be associated with the nucleus accumbens) from the assessment of its price (associated with the insular cortex), even though the two are then synthesised in the prefrontal cortex. His hypothesis is that rather than weighing the present good against future alternatives, as orthodox economics suggests happens, people actually balance the immediate pleasure of the prospective possession of a product with the immediate pain of paying for it.
I. That makes perfect sense as an evolved mechanism for trading. If one useful object is being traded for another (hard cash in modern time), the future utility of what is being given up is embedded in the object being traded. Emotion is as capable of assigning such a value as reason. Buying on credit, though, may be different. The abstract nature of credit cards, coupled with the deferment of payment that they promise, may modulate the “con” side of the calculation in favour of the “pro”.
J. Whether it actually does so will be the subject of further experiments that the three researchers are now designing. These will test whether people with distinctly different spending behaviour, such as miserliness and extravagance, experience different amounts of pain in response to prices. They will also assess whether, in the same individuals, buying with credit cards eases the pain compared with paying by cash. If they find that it does, then credit cards may have to join the list of things such as fatty and sugary foods, and recreational drugs, that subvert human instincts in ways that seem pleasurable at the time but can have a long and malign aftertaste.
Questions 1-6 Do the following statemets reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?
Write your answer in Boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.
TRUE if the statement reflets the claims of the writer
FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is possbile to say what the writer thinks about this
1. The belief of neoclassical economics does not accord with the increasing evidence that humans make use of the emotions to make decisions.
2. Animals are urged by emotion to strive for an optimal outcomes or extract maximum utility from any situation.
3. George Loewenstein thinks that modern ways of shopping tend to allow people to accumulate their debts.
4. The more active the nucleus accumens was, the stronger the desire of people for the product in question became.
5. The prefrontal cortex of the human brain is linked to monetary loss and the viewing of upsetting pictures.
6. When the activity in nucleus accumbens was increased by the sense of a good bargain, people tended to purchase coffee.
Questions 7-9 Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 7-9 on your answe sheet.
7. Which of the following statements about orthodox economics is true?
A. The process which people make their decisions is rational.
B. People have a clear idea of their best interests in any situation.
C. Humans make judgement on the basis of reason rather then emotion.
D. People weigh the present good against future alternatives in shopping.
8. The word “miserliness” in line 3 of Paragraph J means__________.
A. people’s behavior of buying luxurious goods
B. people’s behavior of buying very special items
C. people’s behavior of being very mean in shopping
D. people’s behavior of being very generous in shopping
9. The three researchers are now designing the future experiments, which test
A. whether people with very different spending behaviour experience different amounts of pain in response to products.
B. whether buying an item with credit cards eases the pain of the same individuals compared with paying for it by cash.
C. whether the abstract nature of credit cards may modulate the “con” side of the calculation in favour of the “pro”.
D. whether the credit cards may subvert human instincts in ways that seem pleasurable but with a terrible effect.
Questions 10-13 Complete the notes below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 1 for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet.
To find what happens in the brain of humans when it is deciding things to buy, George Loewenstein and his co-researchers did an experiment by using the technique of fMRI. They found that different parts of the brain were invloved in the process. The activity in …10… was greatly increased with the displaying of certain product. The great activity was found in the insular cortex when …11…and the subject decided not to buy a product. The activity of the medial prefrontal cortex seemed to associate with both …12…informaiton. What interested Dr Loewenstein was the …13… of the assessment of the product and its price in different parts of the brain.
【篇六】A类雅思阅读判断题原文及解析
雅思阅读判断题技巧解析
雅思阅读判断题通常又被叫做是非题，题目是若干个陈述句，要求根据原文所给的信息，判断每个陈述句是对(True)、错(False)、还是未提及(Not Given)。
有必要为广大的Ieltser介绍下not given型的雅思阅读判断题的前世今生，按照雅思官方的说法，Not Given 的设置是为了降低考生盲选正确的概率，即是是蒙也只有33%的成功率，这相对来说更能测试出考生真实的语言能力。雅思官方呀的良苦用心，造就了一批深受此题困扰的烤鸭。请看本文的分析与讲解，看是否能助你脱离此苦海，掌握完全的雅思阅读判断题技巧。
首先我们要明确Not Given 是如何界定的，哪种情况才叫做Not Given。我们来看看雅思官方给出的Not Given 的两种界定：
1. If there is no information on this.
2. If it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about it.
简单来说，Not Given 就是一个无端捏造的描述。
雅思阅读判断题特点：
1、判断题是顺序题
2、同时定位两题
3、True 、False、Not Given百分百出现
4、True 42% False 38% Not Given 20%
雅思考试判断题的考点其实是有规律可循的，在定位好的前提下，需要熟悉判断题中的考点，以快速找到问题之所在，进行判断。一般来说，一道判断题通常考查一或两个考点，常考的
雅思阅读判断题考点为：
1.是非考点
2.数字考点
3.绝对考点
4.比较考点
1. 是非考点
如题目：王宝强是一个帅男。“王宝强”是定位词，形容词“帅”就成为考点词。判定是否够帅，即“是非考点”。原文：王宝强是一个帅男。与题干“帅”完全一致，答案选TRUE;原文：王宝强不是一个帅男，“不是”“帅”男，明显抵触于题干中的“帅”，因而答案选FALSE; 原文:孙红雷在国内影坛扮演硬汉形象。原文根本没有出现题干中的定位词“王宝强”，因而答案NOT GIVEN 未提及型; 原文:王宝强长的很有意思。原文中长的“很有意思”，并不一致于题干中的“帅”，也并不抵触于题干中的“帅”，尽管提及了“王宝强”，但是答案依然
选NOT GIVEN 证据不足型。每一个判断题都可以考查“是非”考点，通常在题干中的名词，动词，形容词的位置容易生成考点，需要进行判断。
如题干：Australians have been turning to alternative therapies in increasing numbers over the past 20 years.
原文： disenchantment with orthodox medicine has seen the popularity of alternative therapies in Australia climb steadily during the past 20 years.
题干 increasing numbers=原文 climb steadily,判定是否上升，达成一致，答案为TRUE.
2. 数字考点
只要题干中存在数字，通常考查数字的准确性。但凡与原文中的数字不符合，答案选FALSE.
例如：Q31 MIRTP was divided into five phases.(CAM7/TEST2/PASSAGE3),原文： Phase III, from March 1991 to March 1993, focused on the refinement and institutionalization of these activities.题干中的“五个阶段”，与原文中的“三个阶段”，不一致，答案选FALSE.
3. 绝对考点
只要题干中存在绝对词，通常选FALSE.
例如：Q9 Any street child can set up their own small business if given enough support. (CAM4/TEST3/PASSAGE1)
原文：Being an entrepreneur is not for everyone, nor for every street child.
题干：如果给予足够支持，“任何”孩子都可以建立自己的公司。与原文: “并不是” “每个人”都适合当老板，街头儿童也是如此。明显抵触，答案选FALSE.
4. 比较考点
两个事物发生比较，通常在题干中出现more…than…,容易产生并不存在的比较关系，而选择NOT GIVEN.
例如：Q18 Disease-spreading pests respond more quickly to pesticides than agricultural pests do.(CAM8/TEST4/PASSAGE2),原文：According to a recent study by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), more than 300 species of agricultural pests have developed resistance to a wide range of potent chemicals.
题干：传播疾病的害虫对于农药的反应比农业害虫迅速。
原文：联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)最近的一项研究显示，超过300种的农业害虫已经对多种强效杀虫剂产生了抗药性。更严重的是，在传播疾病的害虫中，约有100种已经对多种正在使用的杀虫剂产生了免疫力。原文虽然讲到了两种害虫的抗药性，但是并没有进行比较。答案选NOT GIVEN.
雅思阅读材料：六个坏习惯将毁掉你的睡眠
If you equate getting older with needing—or getting—less sleep, here’s a wake-up call: It"s not true! “The majority of us require between seven and nine hours of shut-eye a night,“ says Robert Oexman, D.C., director of the Sleep to Live Institute. “And there’s little reason—whether you’re 55 or 80—not to get it.” Barring disease, medication and pain (all legitimate sleep interrupters), if patients complain of bad sleep, Dr. Oexman looks at their nighttime habits, where the problem almost always resides.
如果你认为人慢慢长大变老，需要或得到的睡眠更少，那我来提醒你吧，不是这样的!睡眠与生命研究所所长，脊骨神经科医师罗伯特·欧克斯曼说道：“大多数人每晚需要7-9小时的睡眠时间。无论你是55还是80岁，都应该做到这一点。”疾病、药物和疼痛除外(这些都可能会干扰睡眠)，如果病人抱怨睡不好觉，欧克斯曼医师会查看其晚间生活习惯来发现问题所在。
So, how are you sabotaging your z-z-z-z-z’s?
所以，你是怎样破坏自己的睡眠的呢?
Bad Habit #1: Watching TV until you fall asleep?
坏习惯一：看电视看到睡着
Why It Disrupts Sleep: It has nothing to do with what you watch—Downton Abbey isn’t a better pre-sleep choice than Dog the Bounty Hunter. Rather it’s the exposure to TV’s bright light that’s the culprit. Artificial bright light after dusk not only enhances alertness, but also delays the production of melatonin, a sleep-inducing hormone. So even if you nod off (in front of the TV, for example), you probably won’t stay asleep for long.
为什么会影响睡眠：这和你看什么节目没有任何关系，因为《唐顿庄园》并不是比《赏金猎人》更好的睡前节目。反而是暴露在电视强光下才是影响你睡眠的罪魁祸首。天黑后的人造强光不仅让人增加警惕性，而且会延迟体内睡眠荷尔蒙——褪黑素的生成。所以即使你打盹了(比如在电视机前)，你很可能也睡不了多久。
EZZZ Fix: An hour before bedtime, treat yourself like a baby: a warm bath, followed by a quiet activity in dim light—meditation, journal writing, reading. But no reading or writing on your computer before bed or in the middle of the night. (Almost half of the respondents in the AOL Email Addiction survey admitted to checking email during the night. If that’s you, keep technology out of the bedroom.)
解决方法：睡前一小时，让自己像婴儿一样：洗个热水澡，在暗淡的灯光下做些安静的事情-冥想，写日记，阅读。但是睡前或者半夜绝对不能在电脑上阅读或者写东西。(几乎一半参与美国在线电子邮件上瘾调查的人们承认晚间会查看电子邮件。如果你也是这样，那么记得把高科技关在卧室外面吧。)
Bad Habit #2: Sleeping with Fido
坏习惯二：抱狗狗睡觉
Why It Disrupts Sleep: While animal-lovers argue the emotional benefits of sharing a pillow with their pets, research shows that pets can contribute to less than sound sleep. How? “Pets have different circadian rhythms than humans,” says Oexman. “They sleep most of the day, and they shift a lot when sleeping—they get comfortable, then they move. This goes on all night, and whether you admit it or not, it interrupts your ability to get the level of sleep needed to feel rested.“ (As for pet dander and allergies—sneezing and wheezing are not great sleep enhancers.)
为什么会影响睡眠：动物爱好者认为和宠物一起睡觉有情感上的益处，然而研究表明宠物实际上会影响睡眠。这是怎么回事呢?“宠物和人有着不同的生理节律，”欧克斯曼说，“他们每天大多数时候都会睡，睡觉的时候经常动-他们觉得舒服，然后就会动。整晚都会这样，而且无论你承认与否，你都会不知不觉被影响而达不到自己需要的睡眠程度。(至于宠物皮屑和各种过敏导致的打喷嚏和喘息都是会影响睡眠的因素。)
EZZZ Fix: For two weeks, put your pooch or cat in a crate outside your closed bedroom door. When your pet can sleep quietly in the crate, move the crate inside your room for another two weeks. When the crate training is complete, try letting the dog or cat sleep in his own bed near your bed. Discourage all attempts to jump on your bed and reward all successes for staying in his own bed. (Caveat: Plan on interrupted sleep for a few weeks.)
解决方法：坚持两个星期，把家里的狗狗或者猫咪装在板条箱里，把箱子放在卧室外面，然后关起门来。等你的宠物可以在板条箱里安静地睡觉时，再把板条箱搬进卧室里面放两个星期。等这个板条箱里的训练完成时，试着让狗狗或者猫咪在离你床近的地方趴在自己的窝里睡。阻止它所有试图跳上你的床的尝试，奖励它乖乖在自己床上睡觉。(告诫：计划好有几个星期会睡不好觉。)
Bad Habit #3: Exercising too close to bedtime?
坏习惯三：临睡前做运动
Why It Disrupts Sleep: Remember how poorly you sleep when you have a fever—drifting in and out, never really feeling rested? Well, heavy exercise too close to bedtime has the same effect—it raises your core body temperature so that your sleep is fragmented at best until your body temperature drops to normal, which may take several hours.
为什么会影响睡眠：记得你发烧的时候睡眠多么糟糕么——模模糊糊地睡着醒来，都没怎么休息好。其实睡前做运动是一样的结果——这让你身体的核心体温升高，所以你的睡眠会断断续续直到你的体温降到正常范围，这可能会需要好几个小时。
EZZZ Fix: No hardcore exercise at least three hours before bedtime, so when you lay your sleepy head on the pillow, your body temp is normal. Also, keep the bedroom temperature between 65-58 degrees for the ideal sleeping climate. Too cold for you? Pile on the blankets; just make sure your head (no stocking cap, please) is exposed to the cooler air to help regulate your body temperature.
解决方案：睡前至少三小时内不要剧烈运动，这样当你疲倦的脑袋沾到枕头时，你的体温才是正常的。同时，最理想的睡眠条件是保持卧室温度在65-58华氏度(18.3-20摄氏度)之间。对你来说太冷?多盖上几层毯子;保证你的脑袋(请别戴绒线帽)置于冷空气中，帮助调节体温。
Bad Habit #4: Drinking too much liquid before bedtime
坏习惯四：睡前大量喝水
Why It Disrupts Sleep: The short answer—you have to get up and pee frequently.
为什么会影响睡眠：答案很简单-你需要频繁起床去卫生间。
EZZZ Fix: Need we also mention that coffee, tea, and colas, are not only diuretics, but also stimulants? Stop drinking caffeinated drinks after lunch and other liquids at least three hours before bedtime because peeing at night and aging do not automatically go hand in hand—unless you suffer from a prostate issue, sleep apnea, or weak pelvic muscles, in which case, see your doc for help with the related sleep issues.
解决方法：还需要跟你讲咖啡、茶和可乐类饮料不仅利尿，而且有刺激作用么?不要在午饭后喝咖啡因饮料，至少睡前三小时也不要喝其他东西。因为晚上上厕所和衰老并没有紧密联系，除非你有前列腺疾病，睡眠呼吸暂停或者盆腔肌肉脆弱，如果是这些情况，就去请医生帮忙解决和睡眠相关的问题吧。
Bad Habit #5: Eating fatty, heavy foods too close to bedtime?
坏习惯五：睡前吃油腻且难消化的食物
Why It Disrupts Sleep: Heartburn strikes anyone of any age, but it’s the most common GI disorder in older adults. If you’ve ever tried to go to sleep after eating a fatty meal, you’ve probably found the discomfort of stomach acids leaking into your esophagus less than conducive to falling asleep or staying asleep.
为什么影响睡眠：任何人任何年龄都可能会胃灼热，但这是老年人最常见的胃肠失调毛病。如果你试过在吃了一顿很油腻的饭后去睡觉，你可能会感受到由于胃酸进入食道而引起的不舒服，这不利于入睡或进入睡眠状态。
EZZZ Fix: Try to eat your last meal of the day at least 2-3 hours before bed time. Should you feel peckish before bed, consider a carbohydrate-rich snack. ”Carbs stimulate melatonin production,“ says Dr. Oexman, ”so have a (normal size) bowl of cereal, a half a bagel with a spread of hummus, or a small boiled potato.“ Or maybe have a serving of jasmine rice. According to the Journal of Clinical Nutrition, eating jasmine rice helped people in a study fall asleep faster than other types of rice. Who knew?
解决方案：尝试至少在入睡前2-3小时吃每天的最后一顿饭。如果你睡前肚子饿，考虑下富含碳水化合物的小吃吧。“碳水化合物能刺激褪黑激素的生成，”欧克斯曼医师说道，“所以来一碗(正常大小的碗)麦片，半个抹着鹰嘴豆沙的百吉饼，或者一个小点的煮土豆。”或者吃点香米。根据《临床营养学杂志》的一项调查研究，吃了香米的人比吃了其他种类的大米的人入睡更快。谁知道呢?
Bad Habit #6: Accepting snoring as normal sleep behavior
坏习惯六：明明睡觉打呼，却放弃治疗
Why It Disrupts Sleep: Snoring may seem as common as breathing, but it"s considered the biggest sleep disrupter, and it"s linked to several causes: sleeping on your back, being overweight, having a cold or allergies, drinking, or taking certain medications. At its most serious, it"s caused by apnea, a potentially life-threatening illness. For the snorer, it disrupts sleep by awakening him/her every so often in order to breathe normally. For the partner, the noise can be deafening.
为什么影响睡眠：打鼾也许看似和呼吸一样正常，但它其实是扰乱睡眠的最重要因素，导致打呼噜的原因有好几种：仰着睡，超重，感冒/过敏，喝酒或者吃药。最严重的情形是，打呼是由呼吸暂停引起的一种威胁生命的潜在疾病。因为打呼噜的人每隔一段时间会醒来以保证正常呼吸，所以睡眠不可避免会被影响。
EZZZ Fix: For minor problems, try the obvious; lose weight, sleep on your side, take decongestants if you have a cold. In addition, Dr. Oexman recommends using a mouthguard, which is a non-invasive way to open the breathing passages. To rule out or diagnose apnea, consult your doctor. And never dismiss snoring as just a nuisance until you’ve discovered the underlying cause. That means no separate bedrooms as the quick fix.
解决方案：对于小问题，试试显而易见的方法：减肥，侧卧，感冒了服用去充血剂。除此之外，欧克斯曼医师推荐使用牙托，以一种非侵入式的方式打开呼吸道。去看医生以排除或者诊断呼吸暂停。而且在你发现潜在原因之前，永远不要认为打呼没什么大不了，而将它轻易打发掉。也就是说，不要将分房睡作为解决打呼问题的直接方案。
雅思阅读材料：可以听懂你情绪的手机应用
Beyond Verbal Communications Ltd., a voice-recognition software developer here, is rolling out an app promising something Siri can"t yet deliver: a readout on how you feel.
语音识别软件开发商Beyond Verbal Communications Ltd.即将推出一款应用软件，有望实现Siri尚且无法实现的一个功能：把你的情绪显示出来。
Called Moodies, it lets a smartphone user speak a few words into the phone"s mike to produce, about 20 seconds later, an emotional analysis. Beyond Verbal executives say the app is mostly for self-diagnosis -- and a bit of fun: It pairs a cartoon face with each analysis, and users can share the face on social media.
借助于这款名为“Moodies”的应用，智能手机用户可以朝着手机的麦克风讲话，在大约20秒钟之后生成情绪分析。Beyond Verbal的管理人员说，该应用主要是用于自我诊断，也可以带来一些小小的乐趣：它给每一次分析配上一张卡通脸孔，用户可以把脸孔拿到社交媒体上去分享。
But the app is coming out as the company and other developers -- many clustered in Tel Aviv -- push increasingly sophisticated hardware and software they say can determine a person"s emotional state through analysis of his or her voice.
在这款应用面世之际，Beyond Verbal和其他一些开发商――很多都扎堆特拉维夫――正在推出一些越来越尖端、据它们说可以通过分析语音确定一个人情绪状态的硬件和软件。
These companies say the tools can also detect fraud, screen airline passengers and help a call-center technician better deal with an irate customer. And they can be used to keep tabs on employees or screen job applicants. One developer, Tel Aviv-based Nemesysco Ltd., offers what it calls "honesty maintenance" software aimed at human-resource executives. The firm says that by analyzing a job applicant"s voice at an interview, the program can help identify fibs.
这些公司说，这些工具还可以侦测欺诈、检查飞机乘客、帮助呼叫中心技术人员更好地对付发飙的顾客。它们可以用来监视员工或筛选求职者。特拉维夫开发商Nemesysco Ltd.推出以人力资源经理为目标客户的“诚信维护”软件。该公司说，这套程序可以通过分析求职者在面试期间的说话声音来帮助辨别谎言。
That"s raising alarm among many voice-analysis experts, who question the accuracy of such on-the-spot interpretations. It"s also raising worries among privacy advocates, who say such technology -- especially if it is being rolled out in cheap, easy-to-use smartphone apps -- could be a fresh threat to privacy.
这引起了很多语音分析专家的警惕，他们对这类现场转译的准确性提出了质疑。也引起了很多隐私鼓吹者的忧虑，他们说，这类技术有可能成为一种新的隐私威胁，如果是以便宜好用的智能手机应用的形式推出，威胁就更为严重。
Depending on how the analysis is performed, used and shared, "there could well be breaches of certain privacy laws," says Gwendolen Morgan, an associate at Bindmans LLP, a London human-rights law firm.
伦敦人权律师事务所Bindmans LLP合伙人格温德琳?摩根(Gwendolen Morgan)说，这些分析“很有可能违反了某些隐私法规”，具体要看它们是怎样运行以及被使用和共享的。
The new wave of technology is based on so-called layered voice analysis, and it"s related to the much broader, more established field of "speech-to-text" sentiment analysis. Verint Systems Inc., Thomson Reuters PLC and Hewlett-Packard Co. and others have long used speech-to-text technology to record phone calls and break them down into so-called text-based sentiment intelligence by flagging the occurrence of keywords or types of words. Call centers use the data to teach employees to keep customers on the phone or monitor employees for training purposes.
这一波新的技术浪潮基于“深层语音分析”(layered voice analysis)，跟更广泛、更成熟的“语音转文字”(speech-to-text)情绪分析领域有关。Verint Systems Inc.、汤森路透(Thomson Reuters PLC)、惠普(Hewlett-Packard Co.)等公司曾长期使用语音转文字技术来记录通话，并把出现在其中的关键词或某些词语种类标注出来，从而将通话分解为“基于文本的情绪情报”。呼叫中心用这些数据教员工如何让客户保持通话，或为了培训的目的而监测员工。
The new speech-focused tools come as other companies are marketing body-language and facial-recognition sentiment-analysis tools -- including an app for Google Inc."s Google Glass.
在这些新的语音分析工具面世之际，其他公司也在销售身体语言和面部识别类的情绪分析工具，比如一款针对谷歌公司(Google Inc.)“谷歌眼镜”(Google Glass)的应用。
Voice-recognition and analysis specialists say there is no question that emotions and patterns of speech can be linked. But many say the utility of the analysis can be limited by the extent to which voice samples have been collected -- often requiring years of samples to detect variations caused by emotions.
语音识别与分析专家说，情绪和语音形态可能存在关联，这一点勿庸置疑。但很多人说，这类分析的实用性可能受制于语音样本的采集规模，常常需要采集多年的样本才能侦测到情绪造成的变异。
Andrew Baron, assistant professor of psychology at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, says information produced by a lot of the commercially focused voice-recognition technology can be "fuzzy."
温哥华英属哥伦比亚大学(University of British Columbia)心理学助理教授安德鲁?巴伦(Andrew Baron)说，很多以商业为重的语音识别技术所产生的信息都有可能是“失真”的。
"We simply don"t have the technology today, at the level of cognitive neuroscience, to really know the precise content of a person"s thought or emotion," Mr. Baron says.
巴伦说：“想要真正知道一个人思想或情绪的准确内容，我们今天根本就没有在认知神经科学的层面掌握这样的技术。”
Israel has become an epicenter of the new technology largely because of its role as an incubator for security-focused technology. Nemesysco markets to security companies and law-enforcement agencies, as well as insurance companies and other corporate clients.
以色列之所以成为这类新技术的中心，主要缘于它作为安全技术孵化器的角色。Nemesysco的目标客户有安保公司、执法机构，也有保险公司和其他一些企业客户。
Britain"s Department of Work and Pension bought some of Nemesysco"s software to help it detect benefit fraud in , but it says it discontinued the contract after three years after inconclusive results.
英国就业及退休保障部(Department for Work and Pension)在购入Nemesysco的一部分软件，来帮助它侦测骗取福利的行为。但该部表示，三年过后因为检测结果不确定，便中止了合同。
Nemesysco founder Amir Liberman says his firm has come up with 120 vocal parameters that correlate with human emotions. Using algorithms, Mr. Liberman says the technology can pick up "patterns and abnormalities" and classify them as related to emotional states like stress, excitement and confusion. He says the technology"s benefits far outweigh any perceived infringement on personal privacy.
Nemesysco创始人阿米尔?利伯曼(Amir Liberman)说，他的公司已经确定了120个与人类情感相关的语音参数。利伯曼说，通过算法，这项技术可以甄别出一些“特定的模式和异常情况”，进而确认它们是否与紧张、兴奋、疑惑等情绪状态有关。他说，该技术的好处远远胜过一些人眼中个人隐私受到的侵犯。
EmoSpeech, a startup based in Puebla, Mexico, and Cambridge, Mass., sells its voice-analysis product to call centers in Mexico. It promises an ability to identify four basic emotional states: happiness, anger, impatience and neutrality. The company is targeting call centers in the U.S., says Chief Executive Miriam Reyes.
总部在墨西哥普埃布拉(Puebla)和美国马萨诸塞州坎布里奇(Cambridge)的初创公司EmoSpeech向墨西哥的呼叫中心出售其语音分析产品。它承诺能够辨别出快乐、愤怒、烦躁、中性这四种情绪状态。EmoSpeech首席执行长米丽娅姆?雷耶斯(Miriam Reyes)说，公司正在面向美国的呼叫中心进行推销。
Beyond Verbal, the company behind the Moodies smartphone app, says its software analyzes speech components like timing, energy, frequency and spectral content to produce data that can then be run through its algorithms.
推出Moodies应用的Beyond Verbal公司说，该软件通过分析节奏、能量、频率和频谱内容等语音成分来生成数据，然后用自己的算法来进行加工。
Founded in , Beyond Verbal"s main business is selling layered-voice-analysis software to companies in the call-center business. The company recently closed a $2.8 million funding round led by prominent Kazakhstan-based angel investor Kenges Rakishev.
Beyond Verbal成立于，主要业务是向做呼叫中心业务的企业出售深层语音分析软件。最近该公司完成了一轮280万美元的融资，牵头的是哈萨克斯坦知名天使投资家肯格斯?拉基谢夫(Kenges Rakishev)。
Dan Emodi, Beyond Verbal"s vice president for marketing and strategic accounts, says the software is based on more than three years of research. Based on user feedback, he says, the smartphone app has an accuracy rate of 80%.
Beyond Verbal负责营销与战略客户的副总裁丹?埃默迪(Dan Emodi)说，该软件基于三年多的研究。他说，从用户反馈判断，这款智能手机应用软件有80%的准确率。
As for any privacy concerns, he says, "Our responsibility is the people we work with, the partners we choose." But he does acknowledge there "is no technological way for us to prevent anyone from taking our product and activating it on somebody else without their knowledge."
他说，至于隐私方面的忧虑，“我们的负责对象是一起合作的人、我们选择的合作伙伴”。但他也承认，“从技术上讲，我们没有办法阻止任何人拿着我们的产品在别人不知情的情况下在他们身上使用它”
雅思阅读